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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestswsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1560</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-6757</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЮЗГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1560-2021-25-1-66-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestswsu-868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Computer science, computer engineering and IT managment</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование спектральных ландшафтных индексов для детектирования препятствий в задачах навигации мобильных робототехнических платформ на сельскохозяйственных территориях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Use of Spectral Landscape Indices for Obstacle Detection in the Tasks of Mobile Robotic Platforms Navigation in Agricultural Areas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астапова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astapova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Астапова Марина Алексеевна, программист лаборатории автономных робототехнических систем, Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук (СПб ФИЦ РАН), Санкт-Петербургский институт информатики и автоматизации Российской академии наук</p><p>14-я линия В. О., 39, Санкт-Петербург 199178</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Astapova, Programmer of Laboratory of Autonomous Robotic Systems, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>39, 14th Line, St. Petersburg 199178</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinaastapova55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксаментов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Аksamentov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аксаментов Егор Алексеевич, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории технологий больших данных социокиберфизических систем, Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук (СПб ФИЦ РАН), Санкт-Петербургский институт информатики и автоматизации Российской академии наук</p><p>14-я линия В. О., 39, Санкт-Петербург 199178</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Аksamentov, Junior researcher of Laboratory of Big Data Technologies in Socio-Cyberphysical Systems, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>39, 14th Line, St. Petersburg 199178</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egor.aksamentov.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук; Санкт-Петербургский институт информатики и автоматизации Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS); St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Астапова М.А., Аксаментов Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Астапова М.А., Аксаментов Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Astapova M.A., Аksamentov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestswsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/868">https://izvestswsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/868</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Целью исследования является разработка алгоритма детектирования препятствий на ортофотоплане местности на основе анализа спектральных ландшафтных индексов для использования в задачах навигации мобильных робототехнических средств на сельскохозяйственных территориях.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В работе были рассмотрены следующие ландшафтные индексы, характеризующие объекты различного типа на карте, полученной методом спектральной аэрофотосъемки: нормализованный разностный вегетационный индекс (NDVI), нормализованный индекс различий застройки (NDBI), нормализованный разностный индекс воды (NDWI) и почвенный растительный индекс (SAVI). Данные индексы обеспечивают оценку четырех основных классов объектов на карте: растительный покров, постройки, водные объекты и почвенный покров. Был предложен алгоритм, обеспечивающий сегментацию зон на карте, являющихся непроходимыми для наземных робототехнических средств, с использованием мультиспектральных изображений и рассмотренных индексов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Каждое изображение представляется в виде цветовой карты на основе попиксельного расчета указанных индексов. При этом три индекса SAVI, NDWI, NDBI совмещаются (накладываются друг на друга), а затем из результирующего изображения вычитается NDVI слой, чтобы выделить проходимые зоны. Таким образом, была получена формула для получения маски препятствий на изображении. На выходе данный алгоритм позволяет обобщить результаты расчета всех выбранных индексов и построить маску препятствий на изображении. Для количественной оценки работы алгоритма был произведен расчет площади препятствий, найденной при помощи индексов на выборке размеченных вручную изображений. Эксперименты показывают, что разработанный алгоритм в среднем обеспечивает детектирование 85,47% от площади всех непроходимых зон на изображениях в вышеуказанных классах земного покрова.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработан и протестирован алгоритм для автоматизированного детектирования препятствий на карте, полученной из спектрального ортофотоплана местности, для использования в задачах навигации мобильных робототехнических средств на сельскохозяйственных территориях. В дальнейшем для определения ровных грунтовых участков планируется модифицировать разработанное решение, используя улучшенный модифицированный почвенный индекс MSAVI.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose or research is to develop an algorithm for detecting obstacles on the orthophotomap based on the analysis of the spectral landscape indices in the tasks of mobile robotic equipment navigation in agricultural areas.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The following landscape indices characterizing objects of various types on a map obtained by spectral aerial photography have been considered in the paper: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized building difference index (NDBI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). These indices provide an assessment of the four main classes of objects on the map: vegetation, buildings, water bodies, and soil cover. An algorithm that provides the segmentation of zones on the map which are impassable for ground robotic means using multispectral images and the considered indices was proposed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Each image is presented in the form of a colour map based on the pixel-by-pixel calculation of the indicated indices. In this case, three indices, i.e. SAVI, NDWI, NDBI, are combined (superimposed on each other), and then the NDVI layer is subtracted from the resulting image to highlight the passable zones. Thus, a formula to obtain a mask of obstacles in the image was obtained. Hence, this algorithm allows generalizing the results of calculations for all selected indices and constructing a mask of obstacles in the image. For quantitative assessment the of the algorithm execution, the area of obstacles was calculated using the indices on a sample of manually marked images. The experiments conducted show that the developed algorithm provides, on average, detection of 85.47 % of the area of all impassable zones in the images in the above classes of land cover.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An algorithm for the automated detection of obstacles on a map obtained from a spectral orthophotomap of the area for use in the tasks of mobile robotic equipment navigation in agricultural areas has been developed and tested. In the further research, to determine flat soil areas, it is planned to modify the developed solution using the improved modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мультиспектральные изображения</kwd><kwd>карты местности</kwd><kwd>сегментация неопределимых зон</kwd><kwd>индексы для обработки изображений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multispectral images</kwd><kwd>area maps</kwd><kwd>segmentation of undefined zones</kwd><kwd>indexes for image processing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Approach to robotic mobile platform path planning upon analysis of aerial imaging data / E. Aksamentov, K. Zakharov, D. Tolopilo, E. Usina // Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Electromechanics and Robotics" Zavalishin's Readings". Springer, Singapore 2020. 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