<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestswsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1560</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-6757</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЮЗГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1560-2020-24-3-66-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestswsu-792</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Машиностроение и машиноведение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Mechanical engineering and machine science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование экзоскелета с гибридным линейным гравитационным компенсатором</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of an Exoskeleton with a Hybrid Linear Gravity Compensator</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карлов Андрей Евгеньевич, аспирант</p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября 94, г. Курск 305040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei E. Karlov, Post-Graduate Student</p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94, Kursk 305040</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teormeh@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Постольный</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Postolny</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Постольный Алексей Александрович, аспирант</p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября 94, г. Курск 305040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei A. Postolny, Post-Graduate Student</p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94, Kursk 305040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.postolniy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федоров Андрей Владимирович, аспирант</p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября 94, г. Курск 305040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Fedorov, Post-Graduate Student</p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94, Kursk 305040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teormeh@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцун</surname><given-names>С. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jatsun</surname><given-names>S. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яцун Сергей Фёдорович, доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой механики, мехатроники и робототехники</p><p>ул. 50 лет Октября 94, г. Курск 305040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey F. Yatsun, Dr. of Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Head of Mechanics, Mechatronics and Robotics Department</p><p>50 Let Oktyabrya str. 94, Kursk 305040</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teormeh@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Юго-Западный государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southwest State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карлов А.Е., Постольный А.А., Федоров А.В., Яцун С.Ф., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карлов А.Е., Постольный А.А., Федоров А.В., Яцун С.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karlov A.E., Postolny A.A., Fedorov A.V., Jatsun S.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestswsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/792">https://izvestswsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/792</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Разработка математической модели экзоскелета, оснащенного гибридным линейным гравитационным компенсатором (ГЛГК), проведения динамического анализа на примере типового сценария применения экзоскелета – в процессе подъема груза, получении временных закономерностей изменения параметров системы, в том числе крутящих моментов электроприводов, позволяющих оценить энергопотребление и энергоэффективность силовой установки. В статье рассматривается актуальная задача повышения эффективности функционирования экзоскелетного костюма за счет использования ГЛГК. Использование гибридного подхода позволяет повысить эффективность ассистирования экзоскелетного костюма при выполнении различных технологических операций, например, при подъеме груза, при наклонах и удержании.Методы. При разработке математической модели использовался оригинальный подход к формированию траектории движения звеньев экзоскелета в процессе работы, основанный на применении полиномов седьмого порядка. В работе используется математическая модель, представленная системой дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка, связывающей между собой моменты, действующие на оператора и экзоскелет, угловые ускорения спины оператора и экзоскелета.Результаты. В ходе численного моделирования получены временные диаграммы изменения параметров системы, углов поворота шарниров экзоскелета, моментов, возникающих в гибридном ЛГК, а также графики токопотребления двигателей при выполнении предъема и наклонов с грузом.Заключение. В ходе исследований была разработана кинематическая модель экзоскелетного костюма, оснащенная ГЛГК, записаны дифференциальные уравнения второго порядка, описывающие динамическое поведение электромеханической системы, выполнено численное моделирование, позволившее оценить усилия и энергопотребление в шарнирах экзоскелета и приводе гибридного линейного гравитационного компенсатора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose of research. Development of a mathematical model of an exoskeleton equipped with a hybrid linear gravity compensator (HLGC), dynamic analysis on the example of a typical exoskeleton application scenario (in the process of lifting a load), obtaining time patterns of changes in system parameters, including electric drive torques allowing assessment of power plan power consumption and energy efficiency. The article deals with the challenging issue of improving the efficiency of the exoskeletal suit by means of HLGC. The use of a hybrid approach makes it possible to increase the efficiency of assisting the exoskeletal suit when performing various technological operations, for example, when lifting a load, when tilting and holding. Methods. When developing a mathematical model, an original approach was used to form the motion trajectory of the exoskeleton sectors during operation, based on the use of seventh-order polynomials. The paper uses a mathematical model represented by a system of second-order differential equations that connects the moments acting on the operator and the exoskeleton, the angular accelerations of the operator's back and the exoskeleton. Results. During numerical simulation, time diagrams of changes in system parameters, angles of rotation of exoskeleton hinges, moments that occur in a hybrid LGC, as well as graphs of current consumption of engines when performing lift and tilt with a load are obtained. Conclusion. In the course of the research, a kinematic model of an exoskeleton suit equipped with a GLGC was developed, second-order differential equations describing the dynamic behavior of the electromechanical system were written, and numerical simulation was performed to estimate the forces and energy consumption in the exoskeleton hinges and the drive of the hybrid linear gravity compensator.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экзоскелет</kwd><kwd>гравитационная компенсация</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>динамический анализ</kwd><kwd>кинематическая схема</kwd><kwd>ГЛГК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>exoskeleton</kwd><kwd>mathematic simulation</kwd><kwd>dynamic analysis</kwd><kwd>gravity compensation</kwd><kwd>kinematic scheme</kwd><kwd>hybrid linear gravity compensator</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-31-90118</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR as a part of the research project № 19-31-27001.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кореневский Н.А., Яцун С.Ф., Яцун А.С. Экзоскелет с биотехнической обратной связью для вертикализации пациентов // Медицинская техника. 2017. № 3. С. 48-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korenevskiy N. A. et al. Ekzoskelet s biotekhnicheskoi obratnoi svyaz'yu dlya vertikalizatsii patsientov [An exoskeleton with biotechnical feedback for verticalization of patients]. Meditsinskaya tekhnika = Biomedical Engineering, 2017, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 285-289 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экзоскелеты: анализ конструкций, принципы создания, основы моделирования / С.Ф. Яцун, С.И. Савин, О.В. Емельянова, А.С. Яцун, Р.Н. Турлапов. Курск, 2015. 179 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatsun S.F., Savin S.I., Emelyanova O. V., Yatsun A.S., Turlapov R.N. Ekzoskelety: analiz konstruktsii, printsipy sozdaniya, osnovy modelirovaniya [Exoskeletons: analysis of structures, principles of creation, foundations of modeling]. Kursk, 2015. 179 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Analysis of the effect of the exoskeleton geometrical dimensions on the nature of a linear compensator operation / S.F. Jatsun, Al Maji Kh.Kh.M., V.E. Pavlovsky, A.S. Yatsun, A.E. Karlov, E.V. Saveleva // В сборнике по итогам конференции: Developments in eSystems Engineering 2019. Robotics, Sensors and Industry 4.0. Казань, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jatsun S.F., Al Maji Kh.Kh.M., V Pavlovsky.E., Yatsun A.S., Karlov A.E., Saveleva E.V. Analysis of the effect of the exoskeleton geometrical dimensions on the nature of a linear compensator operation. Developments in eSystems Engineering 2019, Robotics, Sensors and Industry 4.0. Kazan, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plagenhoef Stanley, F. Gaynor Evans, Thomas Abdelnour. "Anatomical data for analyzing human motion" // Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 1983. 54, № 2. Р. 169-178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plagenhoef Stanley, Gaynor Evans F., Thomas Abdelnour. Anatomical data for analyzing human motion. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 1983, 54, no. 2, pp. 169-178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spada S. et al. Analysis of exoskeleton introduction in industrial reality: main issues and EAWS risk assessment //International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Springer, Cham, 2017. С. 236-244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spada S. et al. Analysis of exoskeleton introduction in industrial reality: main issues and EAWS risk assessment. International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Springer, Cham, 2017, pp. 236-244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Physiological consequences of using an upper limb exoskeleton during manual handling tasks / J. Theurel, K. Desbrosses, T. Roux, A. Savescu // Applied ergonomics. 2018. № 67. Р. 211-217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theurel J., Desbrosses K., Roux T., Savescu A. Physiological consequences of using an upper limb exoskeleton during manual handling tasks. Applied ergonomics, 2018, no. 67, pp.211-217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ulrey B. L., Fathallah F. A. Subject-specific, whole-body models of the stooped posture with a personal weight transfer device // Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2013. Vol. 23. №. 1. Р. 206-215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulrey B. L., Fathallah F. A. Subject-specific, whole-body models of the stooped posture with a personal weight transfer device. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2013, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 206-215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strausser K. A., Kazerooni H. The development and testing of a human machine interface for a mobile medical exoskeleton // 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, 2011. Р. 4911-4916.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strausser K. A., Kazerooni H. The development and testing of a human machine interface for a mobile medical exoskeleton. 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, 2011, pp. 4911-4916.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talaty M., Esquenazi A., Briceno J. E. Differentiating ability in users of the ReWalk TM powered exoskeleton: An analysis of walking kinematics //2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). IEEE, 2013. Р. 1-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talaty M., Esquenazi A., Briceno J. E. Differentiating ability in users of the ReWalk TM powered exoskeleton: An analysis of walking kinematics. 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), IEEE, 2013, pp. 1-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esquenazi A. et al. The ReWalk powered exoskeleton to restore ambulatory function to individuals with thoracic-level motor-complete spinal cord injury //American journal of physical medicine &amp; rehabilitation. 2012. Vol. 91. №. 11. Р. 911-921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esquenazi A. et al. The ReWalk powered exoskeleton to restore ambulatory function to individuals with thoracic-level motor-complete spinal cord injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, 2012, vol. 91, no. 11, pp. 911-921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neuhaus P. D. et al. Design and evaluation of Mina: A robotic orthosis for paraplegics // 2011 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics. IEEE, 2011. Р. 1-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neuhaus P. D. et al. Design and evaluation of Mina: A robotic orthosis for paraplegic. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotic, IEEE, 2011, pp. 1-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan T. et al. Review of assistive strategies in powered lower-limb orthoses and exoskeletons // Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 2015. Vol. 64. Р. 120-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan T. et al. Review of assistive strategies in powered lower-limb orthoses and exoskeletons. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2015, vol. 64, pp. 120-136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sankai Y. HAL: Hybrid assistive limb based on cybernics // Robotics research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010. Р. 25-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sankai Y. HAL: Hybrid assistive limb based on cybernics. Robotics research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 25-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farris R. J., Quintero H. A., Goldfarb M. Preliminary evaluation of a powered lower limb orthosis to aid walking in paraplegic individuals // IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2011. Vol. 19. №. 6. P. 652-659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farris R. J., Quintero H. A., Goldfarb M. Preliminary evaluation of a powered lower limb orthosis to aid walking in paraplegic individuals. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2011, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 652-659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яцун С.Ф., Антипов В.М., Карлов А.Е. Моделирование подъема груза с помощью промышленного экзоскелета // Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. 2018; 22(6): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-6-14-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatsun S.F., Antipov V.M., Karlov A.E. Modelirovanie pod"ema gruza s pomoshch'yu promyshlennogo ekzoskeleta [Modeling of Loading by Industrial Exoskelet]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University, 2018; 22(6): 14-20 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-6-14-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подъем груза в экзоскелете с гравитационной компенсацией / С.Ф. Яцун, В.М. Антипов, А. Е. Карлов, Аль Манджи Хамиль Хамед Мохаммед // Известия ЮгоЗападного государственного университета. 2019; 23(2): 8-17. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-8-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatsun S. F., Antipov V. M., Karlov A. Ye., Al Manji Hamil Hamed Mohammed. Load Lifting in the Exoskeleton with Gravity Compensation. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. 2019; 23(2): 8-17 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-8-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
