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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestswsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1560</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-6757</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЮЗГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1560-2025-29-4-187-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestswsu-1524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм автоматического подсчета рыб на изображении и слежения за их движением на основе нейронной модели YOLOv9t</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Algorithm for automatic counting of fish in an image and tracking their movement based on the YOLOv9t neural model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ле</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Le</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ле Ван Нгиа, аспирант</p><p>14-я линия В.О., д. 39, Санкт-Петербург 199178</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Le Van Nghia, Post-Graduate Student</p><p>14th Line V.O., 39, St. Petersburg 199178</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenghia18071999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Federal Research Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ле В.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ле В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Le V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestswsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1524">https://izvestswsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1524</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Традиционные методы, основанные на визуальном наблюдении и ручном подсчете, не только обладают очевидными ограничениями с точки зрения затрат времени и людских ресурсов, но и дают недостаточно точные результаты из-за субъективного человеческого фактора в процессе работы. Эти погрешности, даже незначительные, могут привести к ошибочным управленческим решениям, что негативно сказывается на эффективности производства в аквакультуре. </p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. С целью устранения указанных недостатков в данной статье представлено автоматизированное решение, использующее нейронную модель YOLOv9t для задачи обнаружения и подсчета рыбы на изображениях, выполненных под водой. Благодаря оптимизированной архитектуре нейронной модели YOLOv9t, включающей всего 2 млн параметров, продемонстрированы высокие результаты определения рыб на изображениях из набора данных DeepFish: Точность - 0.928, Полнота - 0.91, mAP50 - 0.961 и mAP50-95 - 0.584. Метод NonMaximum Suppression использован для устранения дублирующихся случаев обнаружения рыб на одной области, а применение алгоритма DeepSORT позволило непрерывно отслеживать каждую особь на последовательности кадров в видеозаписи с помощью уникальных идентификаторов. </p><p>Результаты исследования подтвердили, что нейронная модель YOLOv9t пригодна для создания автоматизированных систем видеоаналитики в рыбоводстве для мониторинга за поведением рыб и управления активационными устройствами. Это позволяет перевести ключевые процессы контроля на полностью автоматизированную основу, оптимизируя использование ресурсов. Предложенная архитектура обеспечила высокую точность и надежность в различных условиях среды - от прозрачной до мутной воды, открывая перспективы для применения на производстве в реальных условиях эксплуатации. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Такая стабильность работы делает систему готовой для внедрения в промышленных масштабах с целью повышения эффективности управления хозяйством.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of research</title><p>Purpose of research. Traditional methods based on visual observation and manual counting not only have obvious limitations in terms of time and human resource costs but also yield insufficiently accurate results due to the subjective human factor involved in the process. These inaccuracies, even minor ones, can lead to erroneous management decisions, which negatively impact production efficiency in aquaculture. </p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. To eliminate these shortcomings, this paper presents an automated solution that utilizes the YOLOv9t neural network model for the task of detecting and counting fish in underwater images. Thanks to the optimized architecture of the YOLOv9t neural model, which contains only 2 million parameters, it demonstrated high performance in identifying fish in images from the DeepFish dataset, with the following evaluation metrics: Precision - 0.928, Recall - 0.91, mAP50 - 0.961, and mAP50-95 - 0.584. The Non-Maximum Suppression method was used to eliminate duplicate detections of fish in the same area, while the application of the DeepSORT algorithm enabled the continuous tracking of each individual across video frame sequences by assigning unique identifiers. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The research results confirmed that the YOLOv9t neural model is suitable for creating automated video analytics systems in aquaculture for monitoring fish behavior and managing activation devices. This enables the transition of key control processes to a fully automated basis, thereby optimizing resource utilization. The proposed architecture provided high accuracy and reliability across various environmental conditions-from clear to murky wateropening prospects for application in real-world production environments. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This operational stability makes the system ready for industrial-scale implementation with the aim of enhancing farm management efficiency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>YOLO</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>аквакультура</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>нейронная сеть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>YOLO</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>aquaculture</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>neural network</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Overview of smart aquaculture system: Focusing on applications of machine learning and computer vision / T.T.E. Vo, H. Ko, J. H. Huh, Y. Kim // Electronics. 2021. Vol. 10(22). P. 2882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vo T. T. E., Ko H., Huh J. H., Kim Y. 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